Escurialensia : Revista Digital de Historia y Arte

Presentación

José Carlos Vizuete Mendoza — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

An approach to the landscape of Granada's Andalusian and Nasrid past. The Vega of Granada and the Soto de Roma from the 10th to the 15th century AD

Salvador Lupiáñez Toledo — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The aim of this research is to make an approach to the landscape of the Vega of Granada, and specifically to the Soto de Roma, through the narrative sources of Arab authors. This work also includes the use of agriculture as a transforming element of the landscape, as well as the societies that worked it. The focus is on Arab narrative sources due to the amount of documentation available to study the historical, social and landscape evolution of the region. In addition, a bibliographic analysis of the historical sources that allow understanding these aspects will be offered, to provide valuable historical material for future research. A toponymic compilation of the population centers of this area and their historical evolution is also carried out, which will serve to know the fixation of the people to the territory throughout the centuries.

Inca graphics: some forms of data recording and communication

Margarita Elvira Gentile Lafaille — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In addition to quipu and tocapu, during the Tahuantinsuyu other pre- Inca forms of recording, storing and communicating data were strenghened. Its supports, in general, were fragile and many were not preserved intact, but colonial news helps to recognize that they were part of that knowledge and practices.

Cisneros and Female Monastic Life

María Victoria Triviño Monrabal — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The mindset of Cardinal Cisneros is presented, highlighting his pastoral concern and the initiatives through which he promoted the role of women. His dual objective was to form spiritual and educated religious women who would be good educators, and to establish schools where these religious women could educate young girls to become, according to their own choice, either nuns or worthy wives and mothers.

The teaching of astronomy at the College of Higher Studies of Tiripetío in the 16th century

Igor Cerdá Farías — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In 1540, the Order of Saint Augustine established the first college of higher studies on the American continent in the monastery of Tiripetío, Michoacán. Its function was to teach Arts and Theology to novices. Vestiges of these courses are preserved on the walls of the old monastery in the form of what we call “historical graffiti.” Initially, they were interpreted under architectural logic, but now we review them in terms of astronomy and celestial sphere teaching by Friar Alonso de la Vera Cruz which work was referred on his book, the Physica Speculatio.

The Church and Convent-Hospital of Corpus Christi in Toledo. Hospitaller Order of St. John of God. Composition and distribution. Early years of his activity (1596-1604). Apostolic Visitation of 1602. Additional conditions imposed on the Community by the

Jesús Gómez Jara — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. Once the delivery by Doña Leonor de Mendoza to the Brothers of the Habit of Juan de Dios of the goods, deeds and rights of the endowment of their foundation, on August 3 of that year of 1596, the said religious constituted the Community and adapted the buildings received to serve as a Convent and as a Hospital. then initiating both activities, and opening a Hostelry in one of its dependencies, in addition to continuing with the public worship of the Church. In this work we address the composition and distribution of both parts, describing how what was initially a Chapel and a set of two or three main houses and some secondary annexes were formed in a Hospital, with its Hostelry, and a Convent with its Church, all with its good and complete endowment, especially the Church. We also present the hospitaller activity and conventual life, and we also focus on the first Apostolic Visitation to the new Hospital-Convent carried out by the Archbishopric of the Toledo, to whom he was subject, which turned out to be transcendental for the observance of the Constitutions of the Institution by the young Community, since it seems that there was a certain relaxation in it.

The City of Alicante During the Monarchy of Philip III According to the Chronicler Rafael Viravens y Pastor

Ana Maria FLORI LÓPEZ — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The Chronicle of the Most Illustrious and Always Faithful City of Alicante, written by Rafael Viravens, dedicates a chapter to the monarchy of Philip III, detailing the significant events that occurred in the city during his reign.

The chronicler begins his narrative with the celebration of King Philip III’s marriage to Doña Ana of Austria, an event attended by several nobles from Alicante. Following this, he describes the king’s involvement in the issuance of the papal bull for the establishment of the Collegiate Church of San Nicolás. This process led to several years of long procedures until its resolution in 1600. Viravens concludes with an account of how the expulsion of the Moriscos was managed in the city of Alicante and various locations in the province.

Published in 1876, this book is considered a valuable reference for those researching the history of Alicante and is frequently used by scholars seeking to deepen their understanding of the city.

The festivities of María Pita in the city of A Coruña. Historical-religious origins, evolution and social and cultural aspects that integrate them.

Mercedes López Picher — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The María Pita festivities in A Coruña are the best documented of those held in the city, as both their origin and temporal evolution, as well as the events they comprise, are known. They began in the sixteenth century to commemorate the resistance of A Coruña against the English attack of 1589, in which the courage of the heroine María Pita stood out, and they have been maintained ever since, associating religious acts (Vow Function to the Virgin of the Rosary) with secular ones (theatrical performances, Floral Games, popular festivals) that vary reflecting the tastes of the era.

Ode to Count of Campomanes in Odas de Filopatro (Part One), published in Spain by D. José Mariano de Beristáin (1782)

María del Carmen García Estradé — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The objective of this work is threefold: 1) to make known the historical and literary personality that is hidden behind the pseudonym of Philopatro; 2) to locate this lyrical composition in the Poetics of the eighteenth century, valuing its rhetorical and conceptual characteristics, and 3) to establish the causes of its dedication: to celebrate the Discourse on the promotion of Popular Industry by Campomanes and to specify its foundation, the fight against idleness and idleness. Both works, ode and speech, are linked to the tradition of humanism present in Juan Luis Vives, connecting with his work Tratado del Socorro de los Pobres.
Keywords: Philopatro, Campomanes, popular industry, ode, idleness, Treatise on the relief of the poor.

Poverty and balneotherapy

José María Martín, Francisco Ramos Díaz — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyzes the evolution of the regulation of the Access of the use of mineral-medicinal waters and baths mainly throughout the 19th century, from the Royal Decree of Ferdinand VII in 1816 to the Royal Decree-Law of april, 1928; as well as the obligations regarding then by medical directors, owners, and employees of the spas.

Iconography of de Nativity: Childbirth with pain

Teresa Díaz Díaz — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The present work is a continuation of the one published in the previous edition of the magazine Escurialensia, in which we address the first variant on the iconography of the Nativity, which alludes to the birth of Jesus with a natural birth, that is, with pain, a formula that was interpreted from the 4th to the 15th century. After studying the narrative sources of the cycle of Christianity, we continue analyzing the other iconographic variant such as painless childbirth, from the moment in which new considerations are launched at the Council of Trent (1545 and 1563) where the Fathers of the Church will defend the Revelations of Saint Brigid of Sweden and the Pseudo Bonaventure, which will change the iconographic canons of the representations of the Nativity, starting to consider that it is not a birth, but of a birth, in this way the controversy ends as Mary does not suffer human nature.

The house of Charles V in Yuste: An environmental reading.

Rodrigo González Rivero — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In contrast to the traditional view that interprets Charles V's retreat in the monastery of Yuste as a preparation for death, there is a more appropriate interpretation of the construction that the emperor ordered to be built for his retreat, which is more focused on a comfortable stay in his old age than on a shroud for an approaching death. This interpretation is based on an environmental analysis of the spaces, which allows us to understand the building from the perspective of the paths of the sun, the water, the wind and, ultimately, the comfort that Charles V wished to confer on his residence. This approach reveals a more holistic and sensorial planning of the construction, oriented towards harmony with the natural environment and the monarch's well-being in contrast to the austere dwelling of the penitent man that history strives to offer.

The hermitage of San Sebastian in Rute and its pictorial decoration: new contributions on an example of the cordoban baroque.

Óscar Gómez Ruiz — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The hermitage of San Sebastián in Rute represents one of the most notable artistic expressions, yet simultaneously one of the most obscure, of this cordoban municipality. Therefore, this work is presented as a synthesis of all existing information up to the present moment, supplemented by unpublished documentary data regarding the historical evolution of this small temple. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the paintings it houses, distinguishing between the elaborate mural paintings and the extraordinary easel paintings. We shall delve into their iconography and draw parallels with prints by Hendrick Goltzius.

The baroque prints of the Virgin of Good Success from the Royal Hospital of Madrid

Ángel Martín Roldán — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In the Royal Hospital of Madrid the image of Our Lady of Good Success was venerated, whose devotion was spread by the members of the Minimum Congregation of the Poor Nursing Brothers who attended said hospital facility, linked to the spanish monarchy. In this work we present a compilation of prints printed during the 17th and 18th centuries that effectively contributed to disseminating the cult and popularity of the Madrid Virgin of Good Success.

La influencia del derecho en la copla española

Juan Ramón Rodríguez Llamosí — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The spanish couplet has many themes related to the legal world. She tells stories of discrimination, violence, jealousy, inequality and injustice. In our article we want to examine the influence of law in the spanish couplet and the sounds of law in a chosen repertoire.

The marbles of the historical territory of Robledo de Chavela and its use from the construction of the Escorial Monastery onward

Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The use of metacarbonate rocks from quarries in Robledo de Chavela has left abundant documentary evidence in emblematic works from the construction of the Escorial Monastery onwards. Whether from quarries located in what is now its municipal district, or in other localities –once administratively dependent on Robledo– its marbles, limes and cements have been used profusely until the mid-twentieth century.

Water architecture in the orchards of the monastery of el Escorial

Javier González Granados — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The Monastery of El Escorial is a masterpiece of architecture that has attracted architects, artists, and historians for centuries. Although it has been widely studied, some of its elements have received less attention due to their smaller scale or lesser historical relevance.

This study examines key elements essential to the monastery’s functioning, such as the Real Nevero, the Estanque Grande, and the orchard irrigation system, all linked to water use and management. These infrastructures were fundamental to the monastery’s self-sufficiency, relying on the optimization of natural resources.

The research is based on fieldwork, on-site measurements, and the creation of previously unpublished graphic documentation, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the monastery’s functional heritage.

Splendidissima praeda. The inventory of Sultan Mulāy Zaydān’s goods arrived in Spain in 1612. Annotated text.

Jaime Sepulcre Samper — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract: This article is a complement to our prior publication in Escurialensia (2022) about the Saadian collection of Arabic manuscripts held in El Escorial. This time, our goal is to provide readers at large and scholars in particular with the text of the second, most complete and reliable of the two inventories dressed by Spanish Navy officials following the 1612 capture of a French vessel carriying Mulāy Zaydān’s goods from Morocco to Marseilles.

Sevillian in El Escorial: Diego de Silva Velázquez

Francisco Javier Campos y Fernámdez de Sevilla — Fri, 11 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200

As patron of San Lorenzo el Real del Escorial, Philip IV had the idea of beautifying the monastery by sending a series of paintings by great artists from various origins. To achieve this, he commissioned his court painter and later chief steward, Diego de Silva Velázquez, to design the layout of the paintings he was sending and those already present.

Most of the main monastic rooms, such as the sacristy, the chapter halls, the moral classroom, and others, were notably transformed, acquiring unity, harmony, and coherence, as their placement was based on a prior study of the sizes, content, and the locations where they would be placed. The witness to this was Father Francisco de los Santos, who later gathered firsthand information in his Descriptions of the Monastery of San Lorenzo el Real del Escorial.

In this remodeling, the painting The Tunic of Joseph was placed in the vicarial chapter room, where it is still preserved. It was the only important space that was later completed by Queen Regent Mariana of Austria after the deaths of the two project authors, Philip IV and Velázquez. The entire process of ornamentation of the Escorial monastery is what is studied in this work.